Refrigerating system for cars.



Patented Nov. I2, |90I.

.1. C. Monms. REFRIGERATING SYSTEM FOB CARS.

=(App1ica.tion led Feb. 1,l 1901.)

(No Model.)

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UNITED STnTss PATENT OFFCE.'

JOHN ODEN MORRIS, OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR TO MORRIS MOORE, OFDANVILLE, VIRGINIA.

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM FOR CARS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 686,630, dated November12, 1901. Application `filed February 1, 1901. Serial No. 45,581. (Nomodel.)

To all whom t may concern/.a

Be it known that I, J OHN ODEN MoRRIS,'a citizen of the United States,residing at Richmond, in the county of Henrico and State of Virginia,have invented new and useful Improvements in Refrigerating Systems forCars, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to refrigerating systems for cars; and the objectof the same is to produce a system which will permit the use of ammoniaor other gas in combination with salt brine or gas by itself. Means arealso devised for drawing water from the tender of the locomotive for usein cooling thegas, all of which is accomplished by a simple and novelconstruction to be described in this specication and claimed, andillustrated in the accompanying drawing,`forming a part thereof, inwhich the figure is a vertical longitudinal section of therefrigerating-car, together with fragments of the tender and theadjoining car. y

The numeral 1 designates a box-car, which carries the machinery foroperating my system. This car 1 is coupled to the tender 2 of alocomotive. A second car, 3, is also coupled to the rear of the car 1.As many cars as vmake up the train may be connected'in a similar manner,as but one car like 1 is required.

In order to provide for circulating the gas and brine through thecars,each'car has located in the roof thereof a series of coils of pipe,which are designated by the numerals 4, 5, and 6 in the car 1 and by 4,5, and 6' in car 3. To run the machinery of my system, a gasolene-engine7 is permanently secured in the car 1. This engine is provided with afly-wheel 8 and two pulleys 9 and 10, which are keyed to a maindriving-shaft 1l. The rst belt 12 connects thel ily-Wheel 8 to acompresser 13, while the pulleys 9 and 10 are connected to a centrifugalpump 14 and a forcepump 15by belts 16a and 17, respectively.

My system includes in reality three systems all related, but each moreor less independent. They are a water-circulating system A, a gas orammonia circulating system B, and a brine-circulating system C. Thesesystems will be taken up and described in detail in theorder named.

The Water system A is operated by the pump l5, which is connected to thewatertank on the tender 2 by a pipe 16. Watertauks 17 are constructedone in each end of the car 1 and are connected by pipes 18 to the pump15, which arrangement enables a supply of water to be stored in the car.These tanks 17 can be recharged from time to time by useof the pump 15.A third water-tank 19 is located 'at one end of the car l andcommunicates With one of the tanks 17 by means of pipes 20. A pipe 2lalso connects the tank 19 with the pump 15 and enables a circulation tobe maintained in the tank 19 by operating the pump 15. The other tank 17is in communication with the Water-jacket of the compressor 13 .by meansotpipes 22. A pipe 23, joined to the top of each of the tanks 17,supplies a return of the water to the tender 2 and enables a circulationto be kept up. Each and every one ot the pipes is provided with aglob'e-valve,which enables the iiow of water to be regulated. It iseasily seen that by means of the pump each of the tanks 17 and 19 can belled with water and a perpetual circulation of fresh water kept u p, asthe pipe 23 will conduct the water back to the tender when the tanks 17have become filled.

The ammonia system B is operated by means of the compressor 13, whichhas been previously mentioned. This compressor is ordinary inconstruction and operation, and its cylinder is inV communication withan ammonia or gas chamber 24 through the medium of a pipe 25. Connectionis also established with the coils 4, 5, aud 6 in the top of the car 1by a'pipe 26, joined to the compressor 13. The chamber 24 is connectedto a worm 27,

located in the tank 19, which worm is oppositely connected to the coils4 5,6 by a pipe 27a. Connection between' the coils in the two cars ismade by hose-pipes 2S and 29, which are equipped with couplings 28a and29, respectively. A reserve ammonia-receptacle 30 is located in the car3 and connected to the coils 4', 5', and 6 by a pipe 30a. Thisreceptacle 30 is only used when the cars arev uncoupled. When thecompressor 13 is operated, the ammonia is drawn out of the coils v4, 5,and 6 and compressed and descends into the chamber 24, from whence itrises through the pipe 24a, coil 27, and pipe 27a and expan- IOOsion-valve 27h. In passing through the worm 27 it is cooled by the waterin the tank 19, and after passing through the valve 27b it is allowed toexpand.

The brine system C is operated by means .ot' the pump 14, which isconnected on one side to the pipe 25 of the system B and on the otherside by a pipe 3l to the bottom of a brine-tank 32. This brine-tank isfilled with a strong salt brine supersaturated with ammonia and isjoined at its bottom to a pipe 33, which extends upward and is connectedto the coils at the top of the car. A pipe 34 connects the top of thebrine-tank 32 with the compressor13. When the pump 14 is operated, amixture of gas and brine is circulated through the pipes in thedirection of the arrows, or brine alone may be circulated by the pump14.

An electric circuit 35, which includes a cell 36 and a switch 37, can beused for start-ing the engine in the usual manner. A pressuregage 3S onthe compressor denotes the pressure of the gas.

The various systems of circulation in my system trace as follows: In thewater system A, which is operated by the pump l5, the water would startfrom the tender 2, flow through the coupling into pipe 16, through thepipe into the pump 15, through the pump, when it divides aud goesthrough two branches 1S, leading to the tanks 17, and through the pipe21, leading to the tank 19. The overflow from the tanks 17 iinds anoutlet by means of the pipe 23, and thence returns to the tender 2,thereby completing the circuit. The principal ammonia-circulating systemB is run by the pump 13 and starts from the tank 24, into which theliquefied gas is introduced. The ammonia then passes up through pipe24ZL and the worm 27 and is cooled by the water in the tank 19, thenthrough pipe 27 and eX- pansion-valve27l,decreasingthe pressure andpermitting the expansion of the ammonia. Then, dividing, it passes intothe coils 4 5 6 and 4 5 6' in the two cars, then back through the pipe26, through which it is drawn by the pump 13, then through the pump 13,where it is liquefied, a part of the heat of compression being removedby the cold water in the jacket on the pump, and runs through the pipe25 into the reservoir 24, from whence it started. This is the course ofthe ammonia when the brine-current B is cut out. The brine-circulatingsystem C, which is run by the pump 14, starts from the brine-tank 32,from which the brine is drawn by the pump 14 and forced through the pipe31, through the reservoir 24, where it mixes With the ammonia from thepump 13, then through pipe 24, through coil 27, where the heat generatedby combination ofthe ammonia and the brine, as well as the heat in theammonia, will be taken out by the water in the tank 19, then throughpipe 27a and the expansion-valve 27 b, reducing the pressure andpermitting the liberation of ammonia. Then, dividing, it passes throughcoils 4 5 6 and 4 5 6', after which it returns to the tank by way of thepipe 33, the valve 26' being closed.

In connection with brine circulation it is necessary to keep up anauxiliary circulation C of ammonia through the brine-tank, whichcirculation is kept up bythe pump 13. To do this, the Valve in the pipe26 is first closed and the valve in the pipe 34, which is normallyclosed, opened. The ammonia to be circulated is that which is releasedby the brine in the tank 32 after circulating through the coils. Thisammonia rises above the surface of the brine in the tank 32 and is drawnthrough the pipe 34 to pump 13, where it is liquefied and Iiows out intopipe 25, where it is taken up by the brine and carried through thecirculation of the system C, previously described. On the return of thebrine to the tank 32 ammonia-gas is once more given oit, which gas isdrawn out by the pump 13, as above set forth. The circulation C keepsthe brine cool and must always be run in connection with C.

In operation the water system A is run intermittently, as necessity maydictate by the demand for fresh water. When a high degree ofrefrigeration is desired, the pure-ammonia system B is employed, therebeing no salt brine permitted in the pipes. When a lesser degree ofrefrigeration is deemed suflicient or when short of ammonia, the systemC, in combination with the system C', is used. In this system the brinemust be supersaturated with ammonia. After the systems C and C' havebeen in use it will be necessary to draw the brine out of all of thesystems except the tank 32, which can be cut oft from the system B bythe valves in the pipes.

I do not wish to be limited as to details of construction, as these maybe modified in many particulars without departing from the spirit of myinvention.

Having thus described myinvention, what I claim as new, and wish tosecure by Letters Patent, is

l. A refrigerating system for cars comprising the combination of anammonia system and a brine system connected to be operatedsimultaneously or separately, said ammonia system comprising, acompressor, a worm mounted in a tank provided with Water connections,said worm being connected to said compressor, coils located to the roofsof the cars, and connected to said Worm and said compressor, and anexpansion-valve located intermediate said worm and said coils; saidbrine system comprising a pump connected to said ammonia systemintermediate said worm and said compressor, a brine-tank connected tosaid pump, said coils, and to said compressor, and a valve locatedintermediate said brine-tank and said compressor, substantially asdescribed.

2. A refrigerating system comprising the combination withrefrigerating-coils,of a compressor connected to said coils, a Valvelocated intermediate said coils and said com- IOD IIO

pressor, a Worm mounted in a tank provided said brine-tank and saidcompressor, sbstanxo with Water connections, said Worm beingvcontiailyas described.

. nected at one end to said coils and at' theA In testimony whereof Ihave hereunto set other end to said compressor, an expansionmy hand inpresence of two subscribing witvalve located intermediate said coils andsald nesses.

Worm, a pump connected intermediate said JOHN ODEN MORRIS. compressorand said Worm, a brine-tank con- Witnesses: nected to said pump, to saidcoils and to said AUGUST PETERSON,

compressor, and a valve located intermediate MORRIS MOORE.

